Previously, we have tackled the steps and guidelines on the computation and preparation of income tax for professionals and individuals who are engaged in business in the Philippines. This time, we will move on to discussing how to compute and prepare income tax return for partnerships and corporations.
Domestic corporations receiving income from sources within and outside the Philippines, foreign corporations receiving income from sources within the Philippines and taxable partnerships are required to file income tax returns. The following are guidelines, instructions and steps to help you compute and prepare your corporate income tax return.
Tax form you will use
BIR Form 1702 – Annual Income Tax Return (For Corporations and Partnerships). Please click here to download a PDF file of the form.
Documentary requirements
1. Certificate of Income Payments not Subjected to Withholding Tax (BIR Form 2304), if applicable
2. Certificate of Creditable Tax Withheld at Source (BIR Form 2307), if applicable
3. Duly approved Tax Debit Memo, if applicable
4. Proof of Foreign Tax Credits, if applicable
5. Income tax return previously filed and proof of payment, if amended return is filed for the same taxable year
6. BIR Form 1702 – Account Information Form (AIF) and/or the Certificate of the independent CPA with Audited Financial Statements, if the gross quarterly sales, earnings, receipts or output exceed P150,000.00 *
7. Proof of prior year’s excess tax credits, if applicable
NOTE: Pursuant to Revenue Memorandum Circular No. 6 – 2001, corporations, companies or persons whose gross quarterly sales, earnings, receipts or output exceed P 150,000.00 may not accomplish BIR Form 1702 – Account Information Form (AIF). In lieu thereof, they may file their annual income tax returns accompanied by balance sheets, profit and loss statement, schedules listing income-producing properties and the corresponding income therefrom, and other relevant statements duly certified by an independent CPA.
Computation of income tax due and payable
The following are the steps to compute the income tax due and payable for taxable partnerships and corporations:
1. Compute normal income tax.
Total Gross Income (a)
Less: Deduction (Optional Standard Deduction OR Itemized Deduction) (b)
Equals: Taxable Income
Tax Rate (except MCIT Rate) (c)
Equals: Normal Income Tax
Notes:
a. Total gross income equals to your gross income from operation (Sales/Revenues/Receipts/Fees minus cost of sales/services) plus non-operating and other taxable income.
b. A corporation shall choose either the itemized or optional standard (described below) deduction. It shall indicate the choice by marking with “X” the appropriate box, otherwise, the corporation shall be considered as having availed of the itemized deduction. The choice made in the return is irrevocable for the taxable year for which the return is made.
Optional Standard Deduction (OSD) – A maximum of 40% of the gross income shall be allowed as deduction in lieu of the itemized deduction. However, a corporation who availed and claimed this deduction is still required to submit its financial statements when it files its annual tax return and to keep such records pertaining to its gross income.
Itemized Deduction – There shall be allowed as deduction from gross income all the ordinary and necessary trade and business expenses paid or incurred during the taxable year in carrying on or which are directly attributable to the development, management, operation and/or conduct of the trade and business. Itemized deduction includes also interest, taxes, losses, bad debts, depreciation, depletion, charitable and other contributions, research and development and pension trust.
c. In general, domestic corporations and taxable partnerships are taxed at 30% on its net taxable income from all sources effective January 1, 2009. Other types of corporations such as, non-stock non-profit hospitals, educational institutions and general professional partnerships are taxed differently. As provided in the Philippine tax code under Sec. 26, any general professional partnership, is exempted or shall not be subject to income tax. But the person engaging in business as partner in a general professional partnership shall be liable for income tax only in their separate and individual capacities. General professional partnerships are exempt, but still required to file their income tax return with the BIR.
To see the complete list of different tax rates for different types of corporations and partnerships, please refer to page 4 of BIR form 1702.
2. Compute aggregate tax due
Tax on Transactions under Regular Rate (a)
Less: Unexpired Excess of Prior Year’s MCIT over Normal Income Tax Rate (b)
Add: Tax Due to the BIR on transactions under Special Rate, if applicable (c)
Equals: Aggregate Tax Due
Notes:
a. The tax on Transactions under Regular Rate is equal to Normal Income Tax or Minimum Corporate Income Tax (MCIT), whichever is higher. Thus, you need to determine your to compare it to your Normal Income Tax – whichever is higher will be your Tax on Transactions under Regular Rate. However, a corporation only starts to be covered by the MCIT on the 4th year of its business operations. The period of reckoning which is the start of its business operations is the year when the corporation was registered with the BIR. This rule will apply regardless of whether the corporation is using the calendar year or fiscal year as its taxable year.
The MCIT is 2% of the gross income of the corporation at the end of the year. “Gross income” means gross sales less sales returns, discounts and cost of goods sold. Passive income, which have been subject to a final tax at source do not form part of gross income for purposes of the MCIT.
b. Any excess of the MCIT over the normal income tax may be carried forward on an annual basis and be credited against the normal income tax for 3 immediately succeeding taxable years. Any amount paid as excess minimum corporate income tax should be recorded in the corporation’s books as an asset under account title “Deferred charges-MCIT”
c. This is the total tax due on transactions covered by the preferential rate under special law.
3. Compute total amount payable
Aggregate Income Tax Due (see # 2)
Less: Total Tax Credits/Payments (a)
Tax Payable/(Overpayment)
Add: Penalties (b)
Equal: Total Amount Payable/(Overpayment)
Note:
a. The following are the tax credits/ payments a corporation can claim:
– Prior Year’s Excess Credits other than MCIT
– Tax Payments for the First Three Quarters
– Creditable Tax Withheld for the First Three Quarters
– Creditable Tax Withheld Per BIR Form No. 2307 for the Fourth Quarter
– Foreign Tax Credits, if applicable
– Tax Paid in Return Previously Filed, if this is an Amended Return
b. The following penalties are imposed on the corporation on the following circumstances:
A. A surcharge of twenty five percent (25%) for each of the following violations:
a) Failure to file any return and pay the amount of tax or installment due on or before the due dates;
b) Unless otherwise authorized by the Commissioner, filing a return with a person or office other than those with whom it is required to be filed;
c) Failure to pay the full or part of the amount of tax shown on the return, or the full amount of tax due for which no return is required to be filed, on or before the due date;
d) Failure to pay the deficiency tax within the time prescribed for its payment in the notice of assessment.
B. A surcharge of fifty percent (50%) of the tax or of the deficiency tax, in case any payment has been made on the basis of such return before the discovery of the falsity or fraud, for each of the following violations:
a) Willful neglect to file the return within the period prescribed by the code or by rules and regulations; or
b) In case a false or fraudulent return is willfully made.
C. Interest at the rate of twenty percent (20%) per annum on any unpaid amount of tax, from the date prescribed for the payment until it is fully paid.
D. Compromise penalty.
Procedures for payment and filing
1. Fill-up BIR Form 1702 in triplicate.
2. If there is payment:
-Proceed to the nearest Authorized Agent Bank (AAB) of the Revenue District Office where you are registered and present the duly accomplished BIR Form 1702, together with the required attachments and your payment.
-In places where there are no AABs, proceed to the Revenue Collection Officer or duly Authorized City or Municipal Treasurer located within the Revenue District Office where you are registered and present the duly accomplished BIR Form 1702 with the required attachments and your payments.
-Receive your copy of the duly stamped and validated form from the teller of the AABs/Revenue Collection Officer/duly Authorized City or Municipal Treasurer.
3. For “No Payment” Returns including refundable/ creditable returns and returns with excess tax credit carry over:
-Proceed to the Revenue District Office where you are registered or to any Tax Filing Center established by BIR and present the duly accomplished BIR Form 1702, together with the required attachments.
-Receive your copy of the duly stamped and validated form from the RDO/Tax Filing Center representative
Deadline
Final Adjustment Return or Annual Income Tax Return – On or before the 15th day of the fourth month following the close of the taxpayer’s taxable year
For more information, please visit this web page (Tax Info) from the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR). Updates to this article will be provided as necessary.
Update: The BIR issued Revenue Regulation No. 19-2011 on November 2011 requiring corporation, partnerships and non-individual taxpayers to use the revised BIR Form 1702 for the income tax return covering and starting December 31, 2011 for filing on or before April 15, 2012. Furthermore, all juridical entities that follow a fiscal year of reporting are also required to start using the new form if they are under the fiscal year ending January 31, 2012. For more information about the instructions and guidelines on filing the said return, please refer to the last page of the new form provided in the link above (in the tax form you will use section).
Victorino Q. Abrugar is a marketing strategist and business consultant from Tacloban City, Philippines. Vic has been in the online marketing industry for more than 7 years, practicing problogging, web development, content marketing, SEO, social media marketing, and consulting.
is a partnership taxed as a corporation?
Yes Mario. For tax purposes, partnership and corporation are the same.
If it is an ordinary partnership, yes, taxed in like manner as a corporation. If a general professional partnership like that of CPAs, lawyers, and the likes, then, the partnership is not subject to income tax but the partners are taxable on their respective shares.
if the partnership is already taxed…and when the income is distributed to the partners is it also taxed when they file their individual income tax…isn’t that double taxation?
There are two kinds of partnership,1.) Ordinary partnership the computation on tax will be the same as a corporation and 2.) Gen. professional partnership taxed as an idividual they need to file itr including their share on partnership 5-32%.
Leanette is correct. Partnership is not taxable. Only the distributable income to the partners are taxable on each partner’s individual tax returns.
good day.
I just want to ask if Robert Kiyosaki’s strategy would work in our country.I’m referring to his strategy where a couple owns the lot, building, and the business (a restaurant) is divided into three entities. They have personal, and 2 corporation financial statements (real estate, and the business).
The cash flow is like this:
Legend:
P – personal income
B – Restaurant Business Corporation
R – Real Estate corp
Business Sales – Expenses (including tax, rent payment (C) and general manager salary (A)) = Business Profit
Real Estate (rental income) – Expenses (inc. tax, and general manager salary (A)) =
Real Estate Profit
Personal Income (as general manager of both corporation) – expenses (taxes, savings and living expense) = net cash flow.
In the process, the taxes were lessened significantly because they were divided into three entities.
Is this possible?
thank you
Hi Khris. I suggest you assume figures to see the real picture. Theoretical scheme might be misleading.
Hi Vic,
I have a question about deductions.
Year 2011:
Net income is P20,000.
Personal Exemption is P50,000*.
Total Taxable Income is -P30,000 (I had negative net worth, have some personal and credit card loans); which means I don’t have taxable income for 2011.
For Year 2012, my net income has increased. My question – for 2012, can I file an P80,000 personal exemption (P50,000* for 2012 and P30,000 remaining for 2011)?
Is the P30,000 in my case considered a refundable/creditable returns? Is that what you mean with “3. For “No Payment” Returns including refundable/ creditable returns and returns with excess tax credit carry over:”
*Assuming I satisfied the conditions for availing the 50K personal exemption for 2011 and 2012.
Thank you in advance.
Michael
Hi Michael. Personal exemption is applicable P50k a month and no carry-over to succeeding period because it is not a business expense. You can claim only P50k 2012.
Hi Garry,
P50K a month? Maybe you mean per year 🙂
Thanks for your response.
Hi Michael. May I know if partnerships are required by law to submit FS just like corporations? Thank you.
Hi Vic, I am quite confused with the quarterly computation of MCIT and comparing it against RCIT. say I am already in the 2nd quarter of 2012. should I use only the 2nd quarter figures? or is it YTD June 2012 figures? to determine whether it is MCIT or RCIT that I am supposed to pay?
How about if we will form a partnership to pool our capital and invest all of it in stocks listed in the PSE, how do you tax it or what are the tax rules? are we still required to pay tax to BIR?
KHRIS and I have the same question…
good day.
I just want to ask if Robert Kiyosaki’s strategy would work in our country.I’m referring to his strategy where a couple owns the lot, building, and the business (a restaurant) is divided into three entities. They have personal, and 2 corporation financial statements (real estate, and the business).
The cash flow is like this:
Legend:
P – personal income
B – Restaurant Business Corporation
R – Real Estate corp
Business Sales – Expenses (including tax, rent payment (C) and general manager salary (A)) = Business Profit
Real Estate (rental income) – Expenses (inc. tax, and general manager salary (A)) = Real Estate Profit
Personal Income (as general manager of both corporation) – expenses (taxes, savings and living expense) = net cash flow.
In the process, the taxes were lessened significantly because they were divided into three entities.
Is this possible?
thank you
Hello,
Someone who can help me how to compute 1702Q? 🙁
hi,
please help me to fill-out form 1702Q.
in 17C (cost of sales), w/c amount should I indicate, the amount inclusive of VAT or exclusive of VAT.
thanks,
paz
HI..
SIR.what is cost of sales items for 1702 Q.?
do you need an assistant accountant?I m from makati city.
thank sir/mam..
Hi,
any one who knows about Form 2307 certificate if creditable tax witheld at Source.
I want to clarrify which are the purchase subject for withelding. Thank you.
Good day Lanie
IF you are a top 20K Corporation or 5K individual…all purchases is subject to withholding…
1 percent for the goods and 2 percent for the services…
But if not, you are only mandated to withhold on the professional fee and rent.
Thanks
Hi po. Nalilito lang po ako regarding MCIT. Diba po hindi pa siya maaapply sa business na kakastart-up pa lang? Nagstart po si business nung March 2014. Nakagawa na po ako ng quarterly ITR for 1st quarter 2014. Negative po kasi yung Taxable Income. Paano po ba yun? Zero po ang Tax Due?
Then yung sa 2nd quarter ITR naman po, kung negative po yung Taxable Income This Quarter, i-aadd pa rin po yung negative Taxable Income Previous Quarter/s?
Example po:
2014
Taxable Income This Quarter: (1)
Add: Taxable Income Previous Quarter/s 0
Taxable Income to Date (1)
Tax Due 0 since negative 1 yung Taxable Income to Date
2015
Taxable Income This Quarter: (2)
Add: Taxable Income Previous Quarter/s (1)
Taxable Income to Date (3)
Tax Due 0 since negative 3 po yung Taxable Income to Date
I need your advice po. Thank you so much.
Hi Charmaine,
Nasagot ba tanong mo?
Regards,
Steph
hi we have a new corporation i don’t know what kind of atc i should use is there any way you could help me file, our form 1702q if this site is still up to date!?
hiwalay po ba ang ang municipal tax sa gross income tax due?
Will there be penalty if in case the we would like to amend our ITR since the schedule 7 of bir form 1702 RT was left blank, there should have been creditable tax withheld reported. Our income tax return is filed and there is no income tax due to be paid since the final balance resulted to a NOLCO.
I hope someone could help me with this.
Thanks.
Hi Mr. Vic
May I ask if the IT expert can form GPP?
Thank you
Hi,
Please just wanna ask, when computing for the 3rd quarter, the tax credit (BIR 2307), does this include the 1st quarter? or only the 2nd quarter needs to be deducted in the 3rd quarter?
Thank you
Hi
I just wanna ask if the business is not operating, how will they file ITR? thanks
Hi, good afternoon.
i just want to have further ideas on how to compute income tax. Could you give examples which involves numbers? Just an example having a total income of 785,550.00, how would you compute for it? how much would be the tax that i am going to pay to the BIR?
Thank you!.
what are the bir tax forms requirements should be filed by an academic association?
What if net income is negative. Would it still be subjected to income tax?how many percent?
*This is for my thesis hope i’ll get a reply?
hi!
it is quite broad to ask for the computation of income tax as the ‘person’ paying the tax shall first be identified, which is generally, individual and (domestic) partnership/corp. Also, is the ‘total income’ you’re referring to is the ‘gross income’ or already the ‘taxable income’?
Assuming that the given figure is already the TAXABLE INCOME, the following shall be your income tax due:
For individuals:
Progressive tax (tax table rate from 5% to 32%),
as the amount is excess of 500,000, the computation is:
=125,000+ [(32%)(785,550-500,000)]
=216,376
For corp.:
=785,550(.30)
=235,665
Please consider also that there are ‘tax credits’ or ‘creditable withheld taxes’ that can be deducted from the computed amount above.
Also, if the given amount is ‘gross income’ deductions shall first be identified.
Yes, we agree to that.
Hello Sir, how to compute income tax return of a corporation? i don’t know if all incorporators have a vat exempt please help me sir.. any computation please
Hi Sir, Is Optional Standard Deduction (40% of Gross Income) applicable in a General Partnership? Is the computation the same with a Corporation?
Is the computation of tax and payment of General Partnership the same with a Corporation.?
Hello. If you’re talking about a GPP or General Professional Partnership, it is different from a corporation for tax purposes. The GPP is not a taxable entity for income tax purposes since it is only acting as a “pass through” entity where its income is ultimately taxed to the partners comprising it. Only corporations may elect OSD in an amount not exceeding 40% of its gross income. Individual taxpayer and General Professional Partnership (GPP) are based on gross sales. A GPP may avail of the OSD either through the GPP or the individual partners comprising the partnership.
Source: http://www.sgv.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/TB-Feb2018-elec-APAC-No.-10000321.pdf
What is the basis for the gross sales figures for income tax purposes?is it net of VAT?thanks.
Hello GG. As you can see in your VAT registered official receipts or invoices, only the sales exclusive of VAT is credited to sales, while the VAT is credited to Output VAT. Hence, for the purpose of computing income tax, the gross sales is net of VAT.
What if the computation results to a net loss?